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 Home / Gem Library / Resources / Gems Varieties October 04, 2024  

Varieties of Gemstones

The following table contains a list of the some more commonly used variety names for the important gem species. In the absence of a specific variety name, a stone is simply called by its species name preceded by a color prefix ( e.g., red spinel, red tourmaline).


Species Varieties
Corundum Ruby, Sapphire, Star sapphire, Blue Spphire, Pink Sapphire, Fancy Spaphire, Color Change Sapphire, Padparadscha
Chrysoberyl Cat's-eye, Alexandrite
Beryl Emerald, Aquamarine, Morganite, Goshenite, Heliodor
Spinel Red Spinel, Vine Spinel, Blue Spinel
Topaz London Blue, Gold Toapaz, Champagne, Blue Topaz
Tourmaline Bi Color Tourmaline, Chrome Tourmaline
Garnet Group
  – Almandite Almandite or almandine
  – Rhodolite
  – Pyrope
  – Grossularite Hessonite
  – Spessartite
  – Andradite Demantoid
Crystalline Rock crystal, Amethyst, Citrine (or topaz-quartz), Cairngorm (or smoky quartz), Rose Quartz, Aventurine, Tiger's-eye, Rutiliated Quartz
Cryptocrystalline Chrysoprase, Carnelian, Sard, Bloodstone, Agate, Onyx, Jasper, Agatized or Petrified wood.
Peridot Chrysolite, Olivine
Spodumene Kunzite
Microcline Amazonite
Orthoclase Adularia or Moonstone.
Oligoclase Sunstone or Aventurine, Feldspar
Opal Black Opal, White Opal, Fire Opal

The numerous trade names frequently encountered for colors not included under the established variety names (e.g., "Gooseberry Garnet", "Imperial Jade" or "Burma Ruby") are not shown on the table.


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